新疆北部弧-盆转化体系下铁氧化物-铜-金矿床的流体演化特征:来自卤族元素和稀有气体同位素的证据

东准噶尔北缘和东天山雅满苏带是中国新疆北部地区两个重要的晚古生代铁氧化物-铜-金矿化潜力区,以老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床作为典型矿床代表。研究表明两区域的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床均产出于盆地闭合的弧盆转化体系下,且具有明显的铁、铜-金两阶段矿化。卤族元素和稀有气体同位素作为可靠的流体示踪剂,被应用于探究这一特定构造环境下的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床的流体演化和矿床成因。结果显示老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床的成矿流体具有明显的混合流体端员特征:(1)岩浆流体端员,主要参与黑尖山矿床磁铁矿阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(16.3~18.0)×10^-6、(1.03~1.06)×10^-3和352~437;(2)海水表源蒸发成因盐卤水端员,主要参与老山口矿床铜-金矿化阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(77.1~87.7)×10^-6、(1.53~1.80)×10^-3和672~883;(3)蒸发岩溶解或者深度水-岩反应成因的盐卤水/沉积岩地层水端员,主要参与到老山口、乔夏哈拉矿床的磁铁矿阶段以及黑尖山、乔夏哈拉矿床的铜-金矿化阶段,综合I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(477~26 301)×10^-6、(0.39~1.28)×10^-3和288~510。明显的多阶段矿化和铜-金矿化阶段以非岩浆富Ca高盐度卤水为主的特征与世界范围内的IOCG型矿床极为相似,表明新疆北部的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床应为IOCG型矿床。     

Simulation Study of Potential Impacts of Tidal Farm in the Eastern Waters of Chengshan Cape,China

The sea area east of Chenshan Cape has peak tidal current flows that exceed 2.3 m s-1, which make it a promising site for the development of tidal current energy. Before these resources can be exploited, a comprehensive assessment is needed of the potential environmental impacts of the extraction of this energy. In this paper, we describe our construction of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the waters near Chengshan Cape, and verify the performance of the model using continuous data measured in situ. We modeled the potential impacts of the exploitation of these resources on the flow field by adding a momentum loss term in the governing equation of the model. Simulation results show that an assumed tidal farm with an estimated power output of 20.34 MW would have a significant impact on the surrounding water level, especially next to the farm, where fluctuation could reach 6 cm. The maximum drop in the flow velocity in the wake of the farm was predicted to be more than 0.8 m s-1, and this influence would extend 10 km downstream.     

Levels of Metabolic Enzymes and Nitrogenous Compounds in the Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus Exposed to Elevated Ambient Ammonia-N

This study investigated the effects of ammonia-N(control and 1 and 5 mg L~(-1)) on the changes of metabolic enzymes activities and nitrogenous compounds levels in the gills, hepatopancreas, muscles, and hemolymph of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Results showed that the levels of hemolymph ammonia increased significantly at 6 h and then decreased to control level at 12 h. The activities of key enzymes involved in biosynthesis pathways of glutamine(Gln) and urea, such as glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), glutamine synthetase(GS), and arginase(ARG), increased remarkably in different tissues of P. trituberculatus. Gln level was the highest in muscles, while urea content was the largest in hepatopancreas. The m RNA expression level of xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH) was downregulated sharply in gills but upregulated in the hepatopancreas and muscles. A small amount of uric acid was detected in the hemolymph. This result suggests that Gln in muscles may be used as an intermediary nitrogen repository, while urea may be primarily synthesized in the hepatopancreas and then transferred to other tissues via the hemolymph. Uric acid could be synthesized by the anabolism of purine nucleotides, in additon to the inhibitory activities of gills. In addition, the levels of Gln, urea and uric acid exhibited dose-and time-dependent effects with ammonia content. Therefore, P. trituberculatus could possibly convert ammonia into Gln, urea, or uric acid to detoxify ammonia during high ambient ammonia-N stress.     

黄河三角洲湿地资源地质环境评价与保护对策研究

黄河三角洲是中国唯一一块保存最完整、最典型、最年轻的湿地生态系统,由于其地理位置优越、自然资源丰富等特点,在国际上备受关注。该文在已有资料分析、现场地质调查、遥感数据分析的基础上,构建了黄河三角洲湿地资源地质环境评价指标体系,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,将黄河三角洲湿地地质环境质量分为5个等级(优、良、一般、较差和差),研究结果表明,该地区19个县(市、区)中湿地地质环境资源质量为良的有8个,质量一般的为11个,总体处于健康-疾病的临界状态。并基于以上研究成果,针对性地提出了黄河三角洲湿地资源保护对策。     

高压输电线对GPS测量影响的测试与分析

对高压线下GPS测量数据进行了对比分析,得到高压输电线对GPS测量成果的定性结论:对于高压线下精度不高的定位测量,GPS定位技术是可以胜任的。     

丽水山地夏季避暑旅游气候适宜度评价

利用2015—2019年丽水市283个气象观测站的逐日和逐时资料,采用中国气象局“避暑旅游气候适宜度评价方法”行业标准,在研究避暑旅游气候适宜度时空分布的基础上,运用GIS平台建立不同地形条件下避暑旅游适宜度地理推算模型,对丽水避暑旅游气候适宜度进行区划。结果表明,丽水山地夏季避暑旅游气候适宜等级为很适宜,所占区域居绝对比重。6月丽水各站避暑适宜度为很适宜,以海拔800 m为界,随着海拔高度的升高,适宜度先增后减。7—8月避暑旅游气候适宜度随海拔高度增加而提升,300 m以上为较适宜及以上级别。地理推算模型表明,丽水避暑旅游气候适宜度与海拔高度密切相关,庆元适宜及以上等级区域面积占比为全市最高,避暑旅游气候条件最优,其次景宁、遂昌、龙泉避暑旅游气候适宜度也较优越。     

国内外基础地质数据更新现状与思考

在大数据、云计算、移动互联网等信息技术的推动下,地质科研范式正由过去的经验范式、理论范式向数据密集型范式转变。基础地质数据是国家基础性、战略性、公益性地质调查工作成果,反映了地质调查的精度和质量,是地质调查工作创新、服务和可持续发展的基点与源泉,决定了地质调查事业发展的战略制高点和竞争力。在以密集数据为基础的科学研究第四范式即将来临之际,基础地质数据的数量、质量和更新时效已成为衡量一个国家地质调查工作水准的基础标准之一。大部分国家按照严格的技术标准实现了基础地质数据库的实时更新和基础地质数据与图件的一体化表达,并面向社会需求研发出类别丰富的地质数据衍生产品。我国虽然建成了地质云平台,实现了一批数据库的汇聚和共享,但基础地质数据更新机制尚不健全,影响了宏观尺度的地质认知水平;基础地质数据更新标准与技术刚刚提上日程,制约了地质调查工作的支撑服务能力;基础地质数据研发服务能力不足,限制了数据更新的外在需求。基于此,本文提出了依托地质云平台构建基础地质数据更新体系的建议:一是建立“地质云节点一盘棋”的数据更新工作机制;二是构建全国统一的基础地质数据更新标准体系;三是构建“大数据、智能化和在线化”三位一体的数据更新技术体系;四是打造多方稳定协同的数据更新队伍体系。     

储层致密化与油气充注的关系:以三肇凹陷白垩系扶余油层为例

为了明确松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层储层致密化与油气充注相关性,利用微米CT、流体包裹体显微分析、盆地模拟等方法,研究了该储层微观孔喉特征,且定量分析了其成藏期。根据储层孔隙演化信息分析了研究区储层致密化过程和油气成藏的关系。结果发现:三肇凹陷扶余致密储层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔喉特征表现为窄喉道、宽孔隙、孔喉配置差、微细喉道总体积大等特征。压实作用和胶结作用为储层致密化重要成因,储层致密时间应该在嫩江组末之前。流体包裹体分析结果表明三肇凹陷扶余储层油充注分为早期和晚期,相应的充注时间分别距今77~74 Ma、67~65 Ma,分别对应于嫩江组沉积期和明水组沉积末期。综合对比扶余油层油气成藏历史和储层孔隙演化特征,认为原油充注发生储层致密化之后,即先致密后成藏。     

Application of Strontium Isotopic Stratigraphy to DatingMarine Sedimentary Units: A Case Study from the PermianStratotype Section in Southern China

The calibration of sedimentary rock absolute dates is one of the difficulties in sedimentological and stratigraphic research. Since strontium(Sr) resides in seawater much longer(≈106 a) than the seawater intermixing time(≈103 a), the Sr isotopic composition of global seawater is uniform at any time and results in a stable system throughout geological history,based on which a global Sr isotope composition dating database has been established for age-calibration of marine strata.The Permian stratigraphic sections in the northern part of the Upper Yangtze block, southern China, record continuous marine sediments with clear stratigraphic boundaries and is suitable for stratigraphic dating of Sr isotopes. Based on sampling and Sr isotopic compositions of Permian carbonate strata in the northern part of the Upper Yangtze, a Permian Sr isotope evolution curve was established. According to the basic principles of Sr isotope stratigraphy, the global Strontium isotope age database can be used to calibrate the Permian stratigraphic dates in the northern Upper Yangtze. The results show that the Sr isotope evolution curves for the marine carbonate rocks in the Permian stratigraphic section of the Upper Yangtze present a decreasing trend from the mid-Qixia stage(P2) to the mid-Wujiaping stage(P3), and then rise from the middle Wujiaping stage to the end of Changxing stage(P3). When the Permian Sr-isotope evolution curve is compared with the global Sr isotope evolution curve in the northern Upper Yangtze, the two are consistent in their long-term evolutionary trend, indicating that Permian global geological events are important controlling factors for the composition and evolution of Sr isotopes. The 87 Sr/86 Sr value decreased gradually in the background of large-scale regressions at the turn of middle to late Permian period, revealing that the Emeishan basalt eruption occurred near the Maokou/Wujiaping boundary(GLB). Srisotope stratigraphy dating was performed on the boundaries of the Qixia Formation/Maokou Formation, Maokou Formation/Wujiaping Formation(GLB), Wujiaping Formation/Changxing Formation(WCB) and the Permian/Triassic(PTB) using the Global Strontium Isotope Age Database. The results are 270.4 Ma, 261.2 Ma, 254.5 Ma and 249.7 Ma,respectively. Based on this, the eruption age of the Emeishan basalts is defined at about 261.2 Ma., which is more coincident with that acquired from other previous dating methods on the eruption age of the Emeishan basalts, and therefore proves that the application of Sr isotopic stratigraphy to dating marine sedimentary units is an effective method.